/* M.S. Ramaiah Management Review - Modern CSS */
/* Clean, professional academic journal styling */
@import url("https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Inter:wght@300;400;500;600;700&family=Playfair+Display:wght@400;500;600;700&display=swap");

* {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

body {
  font-family: 'Inter', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, sans-serif;
  font-size: 15px;
  line-height: 1.7;
  color: #333;
  background: #fff;
}

:root {
  /* CSS Variables - Bootstrap Compatible - MSRMR Colors */
  --bs-primary: #024ea2;
  --bs-primary-rgb: 2, 78, 162;
  --bs-secondary: #f6901d;
  --bs-secondary-rgb: 246, 144, 29;
  --bs-success: #10b981;
  --bs-success-rgb: 16, 185, 129;
  --bs-info: #0ea5e9;
  --bs-info-rgb: 14, 165, 233;
  --bs-warning: #f59e0b;
  --bs-warning-rgb: 245, 158, 11;
  --bs-danger: #ef4444;
  --bs-danger-rgb: 239, 68, 68;
  --bs-light: #f8fafc;
  --bs-light-rgb: 248, 250, 252;
  --bs-dark: #1e293b;
  --bs-dark-rgb: 30, 41, 59;

  /* Custom Variables - MSRMR Theme */
  --primary-color: #024ea2;
  --primary-dark: #013d7e;
  --secondary-color: #f6901d;
  --accent-color: #f6901d;
  --success-color: #10b981;
  --warning-color: #f59e0b;
  --error-color: #ef4444;
  --info-color: #024ea2;
  --gray-50: #f8fafc;
  --gray-100: #f1f5f9;
  --gray-200: #e2e8f0;
  --gray-300: #cbd5e1;
  --gray-400: #94a3b8;
  --gray-500: #64748b;
  --gray-600: #475569;
  --gray-700: #334155;
  --gray-800: #1e293b;
  --gray-900: #0f172a;
  --white: #ffffff;
  --black: #000000;

  /* Typography */
  --font-sans: 'Inter', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, sans-serif;
  --font-serif: 'Playfair Display', Georgia, serif;

  /* Override Bootstrap font family */
  --bs-font-sans-serif: 'Inter', system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Noto Sans", "Liberation Sans", sans-serif, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji";

  /* Spacing */
  --container-max-width: 1200px;
  --section-padding: 4rem 0;

  /* Shadows */
  --shadow-sm: 0 1px 2px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
  --shadow-md: 0 4px 6px -1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1), 0 2px 4px -1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06);
  --shadow-lg: 0 10px 15px -3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1), 0 4px 6px -2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
  --shadow-xl: 0 20px 25px -5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1), 0 10px 10px -5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04);

  /* Transitions */
  --transition-fast: 0.15s ease;
  --transition-normal: 0.3s ease;
  --transition-slow: 0.5s ease;
}

a {
  text-decoration: none !important;
  transition: color 0.2s ease;
}

a:hover {
  color: #3a1d64;
}

p {
  font-size: 1rem;
  line-height: 1.8;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
  color: #555;
}

h1,
h2,
h3,
h4,
h5,
h6 {
  color: #3a1d64 !important;
  font-family: 'Playfair Display', Georgia, serif;
  font-weight: 600;
  line-height: 1.3;
  margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
}

h1 {
  font-size: 2.25rem;
}

h2 {
  font-size: 1.875rem;
}

h3 {
  font-size: 1.5rem;
}

h4 {
  font-size: 1.25rem;
}

h5 {
  font-size: 1.1rem;
}

h6 {
  font-size: 1rem;
}

/* Bootstrap Overrides and Custom Styles */
body {
  font-family: var(--font-sans) !important;
  line-height: 1.6;
  color: var(--gray-800);
}

/* Custom Bootstrap button styles */
.btn {
  font-weight: 500;
  padding: 0.6rem 1.5rem;
  border-radius: 4px;
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
}

.btn-primary {
  background: #3a1d64;
  border-color: #3a1d64;
}

.btn-primary:hover {
  background: #2d1650;
  border-color: #2d1650;
  transform: translateY(-1px);
  box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(58, 29, 100, 0.3);
}

.btn-secondary {
  background: #f6901d;
  border-color: #f6901d;
  color: #fff;
}

.btn-secondary:hover {
  background: #e07d0a;
  border-color: #e07d0a;
  color: #fff;
  transform: translateY(-1px);
}

.btn-outline-primary {
  color: #3a1d64;
  border-color: #3a1d64;
}

.btn-outline-primary:hover {
  background: #3a1d64;
  border-color: #3a1d64;
  color: #fff;
}


.btn-outline-primary {
  color: var(--primary-color);
  border-color: var(--primary-color);
}

.btn-outline-primary:hover {
  background-color: var(--primary-color);
  border-color: var(--primary-color);
}

/* Custom text colors */
.text-primary {
  color: var(--primary-color) !important;
}

/* Custom navbar styles */
.navbar-brand {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-weight: 600;
}

/* Custom card styles */
.card {
  border: none;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
  transition: all var(--transition-normal);
}

.card:hover {
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
  transform: translateY(-2px);
}

/* Reset and Base Styles */
* {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}

html {
  font-size: 16px;
  scroll-behavior: smooth;
}

body {
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
  -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
}

/* Typography */

p {
  margin-bottom: var(--spacing-md);
  color: var(--gray-700);
}

a {
  color: var(--primary-color);
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: color var(--transition-fast);
}

a:hover {
  color: var(--primary-dark);
  text-decoration: underline;
}




/* Header */
.header {
  background: var(--white);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--gray-200);
  position: sticky;
  top: 0;
  z-index: 1000;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
}

.header-top {
  background: var(--gray-50);
  padding: var(--spacing-sm) 0;
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  color: var(--gray-600);
}

.header-main {
  padding: var(--spacing-lg) 0;
}

.navbar {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  background: #3a1d64 !important;
  padding: 0;
  border: none;
  min-height: auto;
}

.navbar .nav-link {
  color: #fff !important;
  padding: 0.9rem 1.1rem !important;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: 0.3px;
  transition: all 0.2s ease;
}

.navbar .nav-link:hover {
  color: #f6901d !important;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
}

.nav-item a:hover {
  color: #f6901d;
}

.nav-item a {
  color: #fff;
}

.logo {
  font-size: 1.5rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--primary-color);
  text-decoration: none;
}

.dropdown-item {
  color: #000 !important;
}

.nav-menu {
  display: flex;
  list-style: none;
  gap: var(--spacing-xl);
}

.nav-item a {
  font-weight: 500;
  transition: color var(--transition-fast);
}



.nav-toggle {
  display: none;
  background: none;
  border: none;
  font-size: 1.5rem;
  cursor: pointer;
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .nav-menu {
    display: none;
    position: absolute;
    top: 100%;
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    background: var(--white);
    flex-direction: column;
    padding: var(--spacing-lg);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg);
  }

  .nav-menu.active {
    display: flex;
  }

  .nav-toggle {
    display: block;
  }
}

.nav-link {
  padding: 8px 20px !important;
}

/* Dropdown hover effects */
.dropdown:hover .dropdown-menu {
  display: block;
  margin-top: 0;
}

.dropdown-menu {
  padding: 0;
  border: none;
}

/* Hero Section - MSRMR Style */
.hero {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #3a1d64 0%, #2d1650 100%);
  color: #fff;
  padding: 4rem 0;
}

.hero h1 {
  color: #fff !important;
  font-size: 2.5rem;
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}

.hero h4 {
  color: #fff !important;
  font-family: 'Playfair Display', serif;
  font-weight: 500;
}

.hero p {
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9);
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
  font-size: 1rem;
  line-height: 1.8;
}

.hero-stats {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: var(--spacing-3xl);
  margin-top: var(--spacing-2xl);
}

.stat-item {
  text-align: center;
}

.stat-number {
  font-size: 2.5rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  display: block;
}

.stat-label {
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  opacity: 0.8;
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .hero h1 {
    font-size: 2rem;
  }

  .hero-stats {
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: var(--spacing-lg);
  }
}

/* Buttons */
.btn {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: var(--spacing-sm);
  padding: var(--spacing-sm) var(--spacing-lg);
  border: none;
  border-radius: var(--radius-md);
  font-weight: 500;
  text-decoration: none;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: all var(--transition-fast);
  font-size: 0.875rem;
}


.btn-outline {
  background: transparent;
  color: var(--primary-color);
  border: 1px solid var(--primary-color);
}

.btn-outline:hover {
  background: var(--primary-color);
  color: var(--white);
  text-decoration: none;
}

/* Cards */
.card {
  background: #fff;
  border-radius: 8px;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
  overflow: hidden;
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
  border: 1px solid #eee;
}

.card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-4px);
  box-shadow: 0 8px 25px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12);
  border-color: #ddd;
}

.card-header {
  padding: var(--spacing-lg);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--gray-200);
}

.card-body {
  padding: var(--spacing-lg);
}

.card-footer {
  padding: var(--spacing-lg);
  border-top: 1px solid var(--gray-200);
  background: var(--gray-50);
}

/* Article Cards */
.article-card {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
}

.article-meta {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: var(--spacing-md);
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  color: var(--gray-500);
  margin-bottom: var(--spacing-sm);
}

.article-title {
  font-weight: 500;
  margin-bottom: var(--spacing-sm);
  line-height: 1.4;
}

.article-title a {
  color: var(--gray-900);
  text-decoration: none;
}

.article-title a:hover {
  color: var(--primary-color);
}

.article-abstract {
  color: var(--gray-600);
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  line-height: 1.5;
  margin-bottom: var(--spacing-md);
  display: -webkit-box;
  -webkit-line-clamp: 3;
  line-clamp: 3;
  -webkit-box-orient: vertical;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.text-truncate-2 {
  display: -webkit-box;
  -webkit-line-clamp: 2;
  line-clamp: 2;
  -webkit-box-orient: vertical;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.text-truncate-3 {
  display: -webkit-box;
  -webkit-line-clamp: 3;
  line-clamp: 3;
  -webkit-box-orient: vertical;
  overflow: hidden;
}

/* Standard line-clamp for compatibility */
@supports (line-clamp: 3) {

  .text-truncate-2,
  .text-truncate-3,
  .article-abstract {
    -webkit-line-clamp: unset;
  }
}

.article-tags {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: var(--spacing-sm);
  margin-top: auto;
}

.tag {
  background: var(--gray-100);
  color: var(--gray-700);
  padding: var(--spacing-xs) var(--spacing-sm);
  border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: background var(--transition-fast);
}

.tag:hover {
  background: var(--primary-color);
  color: var(--white);
  text-decoration: none;
}

/* Sections */
.section {
  padding: 4rem 0;
}

.section-header {
  text-align: center;
  margin-bottom: 3rem;
}

.section-title {
  font-size: 2rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: #3a1d64 !important;
}

.section-subtitle {
  font-size: 1.05rem;
  color: #666;
  max-width: 600px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  line-height: 1.7;
}

/* Section backgrounds */
.bg-light {
  background: #f8f9fc !important;
}

/* Featured Articles */
.featured-articles {
  background: var(--gray-50);
}

.articles-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(320px, 1fr));
  gap: 1.5rem;
}

/* Search and Filters */
.search-section {
  background: var(--white);
  padding: var(--spacing-2xl) 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--gray-200);
}

.search-form {
  display: flex;
  gap: var(--spacing-md);
  margin-bottom: var(--spacing-lg);
}

.search-input {
  flex: 1;
  padding: var(--spacing-sm) var(--spacing-md);
  border: 1px solid var(--gray-300);
  border-radius: var(--radius-md);
  font-size: 1rem;
}

.search-input:focus {
  outline: none;
  border-color: var(--primary-color);
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(30, 58, 138, 0.1);
}

.filters {
  display: flex;
  gap: var(--spacing-md);
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.filter-select {
  padding: var(--spacing-sm) var(--spacing-md);
  border: 1px solid var(--gray-300);
  border-radius: var(--radius-md);
  background: var(--white);
}

/* Pagination */
.pagination {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: var(--spacing-sm);
  margin-top: var(--spacing-2xl);
}

.page-link {
  padding: var(--spacing-sm) var(--spacing-md);
  border: 1px solid var(--gray-300);
  border-radius: var(--radius-md);
  color: var(--gray-700);
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: all var(--transition-fast);
}

.page-link:hover,
.page-link.active {
  background: var(--primary-color);
  color: var(--white);
  border-color: var(--primary-color);
  text-decoration: none;
}

/* Footer */
.footer {
  background: var(--gray-900);
  color: var(--gray-300);
  padding: var(--spacing-3xl) 0 var(--spacing-xl);
}

.footer-content {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(250px, 1fr));
  gap: var(--spacing-2xl);
  margin-bottom: var(--spacing-2xl);
}

.footer-section h3 {
  color: var(--white);
  margin-bottom: var(--spacing-md);
}

.footer-section a {
  color: var(--gray-300);
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: color var(--transition-fast);
}

.footer-section a:hover {
  color: var(--white);
}

.footer-bottom {
  border-top: 1px solid var(--gray-700);
  padding-top: var(--spacing-lg);
  text-align: center;
  color: var(--gray-400);
}

/* Forms */
.form-group {
  margin-bottom: var(--spacing-lg);
}

.form-label {
  display: block;
  margin-bottom: var(--spacing-sm);
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--gray-700);
}

.form-control {
  width: 100%;
  padding: var(--spacing-sm) var(--spacing-md);
  border: 1px solid var(--gray-300);
  border-radius: var(--radius-md);
  font-size: 1rem;
  transition: border-color var(--transition-fast);
}

.form-control:focus {
  outline: none;
  border-color: var(--primary-color);
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(30, 58, 138, 0.1);
}

.form-text {
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  color: var(--gray-500);
  margin-top: var(--spacing-xs);
}

/* Alerts */
.alert {
  padding: var(--spacing-md) var(--spacing-lg);
  border-radius: var(--radius-md);
  margin-bottom: var(--spacing-lg);
}

.alert-success {
  background: #d1fae5;
  color: #065f46;
  border: 1px solid #a7f3d0;
}

.alert-error {
  background: #fee2e2;
  color: #991b1b;
  border: 1px solid #fecaca;
}

.alert-warning {
  background: #fef3c7;
  color: #92400e;
  border: 1px solid #fde68a;
}

.alert-info {
  background: #dbeafe;
  color: #1e40af;
  border: 1px solid #93c5fd;
}

/* Loading States */
.loading {
  display: inline-block;
  width: 20px;
  height: 20px;
  border: 3px solid var(--gray-300);
  border-radius: 50%;
  border-top-color: var(--primary-color);
  animation: spin 1s ease-in-out infinite;
}

@keyframes spin {
  to {
    transform: rotate(360deg);
  }
}

/* Utility Classes */


/* Responsive Design */

@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .hero h1 {
    font-size: 2rem;
  }

  .section-title {
    font-size: 1.3rem;
  }

  .articles-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .search-form {
    flex-direction: column;
  }

  .filters {
    justify-content: center;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 480px) {
  .hero {
    padding: var(--spacing-2xl) 0;
  }

  .section {
    padding: var(--spacing-2xl) 0;
  }
}